Departure tax (exit tax)
Tax on certain unrealized gains imposed when you cease to be a tax resident. Used by Canada, Australia, France (within EU), Japan, and others.
When you cease to be a tax resident, some countries treat you as having sold most non-real-property assets at fair market value. Capital gains are realized and taxable in your final return. Canada's departure tax applies to stocks, mutual funds, crypto, and most other capital property (Canadian real property, RRSPs, and certain personal-use property are excluded). Australia, France (transfers outside EU/EEA), Japan, and other countries have similar regimes. The US has its own version under IRC § 877A for 'covered expatriates.'
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