Calculadora da regra de 183 dias
Use-a para qualquer país ou estado dos EUA com uma regra de residência baseada na contagem de dias. Defina o limite (183 é o mais comum; 184 em NY/NJ/MA/CT; noutros locais varia), configure a janela do ano fiscal e a calculadora trata do resto.
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What the 183-day rule actually says
There is no single 183-day rule. There is one number that dozens of unrelated laws happen to share, and each of them defines the count, the period it is measured over, and the consequence differently. The number itself is arithmetic: half of a 365-day year is 182.5 days, so 183 is the smallest whole number of days that is more than half a year. Spend 183 days in one place and you cannot have spent longer anywhere else.
What the number does depends on which of two rules you are reading, and the two are routinely confused:
- Domestic residence tests. A country's own law treats presence for a set number of days inside its own tax year as making you a tax resident, which usually means it can tax your worldwide income and expects a return. This is the rule most people mean, and it is what the calculator above counts against.
- The treaty 183-day rule. Article 15 of the OECD Model Tax Convention, which most bilateral tax treaties are built on, exempts your employment income from tax in the country you are working in only when three conditions hold together: you are present there no more than 183 days in aggregate in the relevant twelve-month period, your employer is not a resident of that country, and your pay is not borne by a permanent establishment your employer has there. Failing any one of the three, not only the day count, hands the taxing right to the country you worked in. Older treaties often measure the 183 days over the fiscal year rather than a rolling twelve months, so read the treaty that actually applies to you.
The two rules are independent. Staying under 183 days in a treaty country can protect your salary while a different domestic test still makes you resident. Where two countries both claim you, the tie-breaker in Article 4 of the same model treaty runs in a fixed order: permanent home, then centre of vital interests, then habitual abode, then nationality, and if none of those settles it, agreement between the two tax authorities. Day counts are the evidence at almost every step.
If both countries have a claim on you, work through the treaty tie-breaker tool next.
Where the number is written down
Four of the most-searched versions of the rule, with the provision each one comes from. Read the wording rather than the number: "at least 183 days" and "more than 183 days" are one day apart, and that day is the whole question.
| Jurisdiction | What the provision says | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| United States | The substantial presence test: 31 days in the current year and 183 days on a three-year weighted count that takes the current year in full, one third of the prior year, and one sixth of the year before that. | 26 U.S.C. § 7701(b)(3) |
| United Kingdom | The first automatic UK test is met if you spend at least 183 days in the UK in the tax year, which runs 6 April to 5 April. A day generally counts if you are in the UK at the end of it. | Finance Act 2013, Schedule 45 |
| Canada | You are deemed resident for the whole year if you sojourned in Canada for periods totalling 183 days or more in the calendar year. Day 183 is enough on its own. | Income Tax Act, section 250(1) |
| New York | Statutory residency requires a permanent place of abode in the state and more than 183 days there in the taxable year, so day 184 is the one that makes you a resident. Any part of a day generally counts as a full day. | N.Y. Tax Law § 605(b)(1)(B) |
Most other jurisdictions are a variation on one of these four patterns: a bare day count, a day count paired with a home you keep available, a weighted count across several years, or a day count that is only one of several tests.
A worked example
Take a 183-day threshold measured over the 2026 calendar year, in a jurisdiction that counts arrival and departure days in full, which is the common case. Four trips:
| Trip | Dates | Days | Running total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 January to 14 February | 38 | 38 |
| 2 | 2 April to 30 June | 90 | 128 |
| 3 | 5 September to 20 October | 46 | 174 |
| 4 | 18 December to 31 December | 14 | 188 |
Every figure counts both end dates. Trip 1 is 38 days, not 37: 24 days in January (the 8th to the 31st) plus 14 in February. Dropping one day per trip is the most common arithmetic error there is, and across a year of frequent travel it hides a week or more.
Trip 4 decides the year. It begins at 174 days, so its ninth day, 26 December, is day 183. The threshold is met, and in most systems that makes the whole year a resident year, including income earned during the eight months spent elsewhere.
Leave on 25 December instead and the year closes at 182 days. One day of calendar separates the two outcomes, which is why the projected crossing date matters more than the running total: it gives you the date to be gone by, before you book the flight.
A regra de 183 dias, por jurisdição
A maioria dos países usa uma regra de 183 dias para a residência fiscal, mas os detalhes variam. Aqui fica uma referência rápida:
- 183 dias, ano civil: a maioria dos países, Alemanha, Espanha, França, Itália, México, Singapura, Japão, Portugal (12 meses móveis).
- 184 dias + habitação (abode): Nova Iorque, Nova Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania.
- UK SRT (Statutory Residence Test): um teste de contagem de dias ligado ao ano fiscal britânico (6 de abril – 5 de abril).
- Austrália: 183 dias no ano fiscal australiano (1 de julho – 30 de junho).
- Canadá: regra de residente presumido aos 183 dias, a par do teste de vínculos de residência.
- EAU: 90 dias com visto de residência + habitação, ou 183 dias em geral.
Para o 90/180 do Schengen em concreto, use a calculadora do Schengen. Para o Substantial Presence Test do IRS, use a calculadora do SPT.
The threshold is not always 183
Reaching for a 183-day calculator and then applying 183 to a jurisdiction that uses a different number is a common and expensive mistake. Set the threshold field to your own rule:
- 180 days: Thailand, on the calendar year.
- 182 days: India, on a financial year running 1 April to 31 March, and Malaysia on the calendar year. India also has a second route at 60 days for people with substantial presence over the preceding four years.
- 184 days: New York, and in practice any rule written as "more than 183 days", which includes the statutory-residency tests in New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Pennsylvania, each of which also requires a permanent place of abode.
- 200 days: Oregon and Hawaii.
- 270 days: Idaho, alongside a home kept in the state for the whole year.
- About 214 days: Alabama and Oklahoma, whose statutes are written as seven months rather than as a number of days, so the day figure is an approximation and the shorter reading is the safe one.
- No fixed threshold: California, where more than nine months creates a rebuttable presumption of residence while less than nine months creates no presumption the other way, and Illinois, which turns on domicile and purpose rather than on a day count.
- Fewer than 90 days: Cyprus can treat you as resident on 60 days when its other conditions are met in the same year, and the UAE has a 90-day route for specified people with a permanent place of residence and a job or business there.
Como se conta um «dia»
A maioria das jurisdições conta qualquer presença num dia civil como um dia completo. Algumas exigem presença à meia-noite (UK SRT). Outras excluem os dias de trânsito. Leia o guia completo: A regra de 183 dias, explicada.
The conventions that decide whether a given date lands in your total:
- Any part of a day: New York and several other US states count any presence at all, including a connection between two flights, as a full day. It is the most punitive convention and the one to assume when you do not know which applies.
- Presence at the end of the day: the UK statutory residence test generally counts a day only if you are in the UK at midnight, with limited exceptions for transit and for exceptional circumstances beyond your control, plus a separate deeming rule for people with several UK ties.
- Both ends of the trip: the Schengen 90/180 rule counts the day you enter and the day you leave in full. That is an immigration limit rather than a tax test, and it runs on a rolling 180-day window instead of a year.
- Days that are excluded: the US substantial presence test disregards, among others, days of exempt individuals, days you are in transit between two points outside the United States and are in the country for less than 24 hours, and days you could not leave because of a medical condition that arose while you were there.
- A window that moves: some rules count within any rolling twelve-month period rather than a fixed year, so the window shifts by one day every day and there is no 1 January reset to plan around.
Common mistakes and edge cases
Almost every day-count dispute comes down to one of these:
- Counting nights instead of days. A Friday to Sunday trip is three days under most rules, not two. Repeat that across twenty trips and your count is twenty days light.
- Assuming the year starts on 1 January. The UK tax year runs 6 April to 5 April, Australia's income year 1 July to 30 June, and India's financial year 1 April to 31 March. Set the window before you enter a single trip, or every total is measured over the wrong period.
- Treating the threshold as a safe harbour. Staying under the number is not the same as being non-resident. Domicile, a home kept available to you, where your family lives and where your economic interests sit can each make you resident on far fewer days, and several systems have a deliberate low-day route.
- Forgetting that residence usually covers the whole year. Crossing on 26 December generally makes you resident from 1 January, not from 26 December. Split-year and part-year reliefs exist, UK split-year treatment and the US dual-status year among them, but they are specific reliefs with their own conditions rather than the default outcome.
- Mixing the immigration clock with the tax clock. A 90/180 visitor limit and a 183-day tax test are different rules with different windows and different consequences. Being comfortably inside the 90 days says nothing about your tax position, and a stay that is perfectly legal on immigration can still create a residence question.
- Counting from memory at the end of the year. Tax authorities expect contemporaneous evidence: boarding passes, hotel folios, card transactions. Where the burden of proof sits with you, an undocumented day tends to be counted against you, and reconstructing a year afterwards is usually the moment people discover they were already over.
- Watching only one country. Days out of one place are days in another. Cutting to 150 days somewhere while spending 200 days somewhere else swaps one residence question for a worse one.
If more than one jurisdiction is in play, count them together in the multi-country day counter.
Setting the calculator to your rule
The calculator counts every distinct calendar day inside the window you set, counting entry and exit dates in full and de-duplicating days shared by overlapping trips. To match your rule:
- If your rule says "183 days or more", enter 183. The threshold is reported as met on the day the count reaches it, which is what that wording means.
- If your rule says "more than 183 days", enter 184, the first day that actually makes you resident. The same logic turns any "more than N" rule into a threshold of N plus one.
- Set the window to the jurisdiction's own year, not the calendar year, unless the two are the same.
- Add one row per continuous stay, entry date and exit date. Days covered by two overlapping rows are counted once.
- Enter trips you have not taken yet. The projected crossing date is calculated from everything in the list, so scheduled travel shows you the date you would cross before you commit to it.
Where a rule excludes certain days, transit days under the US substantial presence test for example, leave those days out of the trips you enter rather than expecting the calculator to know about them. It counts calendar days, it does not apply any one jurisdiction's exclusions.
O que a regra de 183 dias faz e o que não faz
A regra de 183 dias é igual em todos os países?
Não. Os 183 dias num ano civil são o padrão mais comum, mas tanto o limite como a janela variam: alguns estados dos EUA usam 184 dias, alguns países contam 183 dias em qualquer período móvel de 12 meses e outros combinam a contagem de dias com uma exigência de habitação ou domicílio. É por isso que esta calculadora permite configurar tanto o limite como a janela.
Os dias de chegada e de partida contam para o total?
Depende da jurisdição. Muitas tratam qualquer parte de um dia como um dia completo, outras contam meias-noites e algumas abrem exceções para o trânsito. Na dúvida, conte de forma conservadora (ambos os dias incluídos) e mantenha um registo dia a dia.
Se ficar abaixo dos 183 dias, estou a salvo da residência fiscal?
Não necessariamente. A contagem de dias é apenas um dos fatores: o domicílio, uma habitação permanente, os vínculos familiares e económicos ou o critério de desempate de um tratado podem torná-lo residente com muito menos dias. Ficar abaixo do limite ajuda, mas não é uma garantia.
Que janela de ano fiscal devo usar?
A maioria dos países mede pelo ano civil. O Reino Unido usa de 6 de abril a 5 de abril, a Austrália de 1 de julho a 30 de junho, e algumas jurisdições usam uma janela móvel de 12 meses. Defina a janela de acordo com a sua jurisdição antes de adicionar viagens; a nossa calculadora do ano fiscal mostra as datas das jurisdições mais comuns.
O que acontece se ultrapassar o limite?
Em geral a jurisdição pode tratá-lo como residente fiscal nesse ano, o que muitas vezes significa imposto local sobre o rendimento mundial e novas obrigações declarativas. As exceções, o alívio previsto nos tratados e as regras de ano parcial variam, por isso confirme as consequências com um profissional antes de contar com elas.
Esta calculadora armazena as minhas viagens?
Não. Tudo é executado no seu navegador. Para um acompanhamento contínuo com projeções e alertas, a app Tax Days para iPhone guarda as viagens de forma privada no seu dispositivo.
Sources & further reading
Every rule on this page is drawn from primary sources. Verify the current law before making a residency decision.
- [1]OECD Model Tax Convention, Article 4 (Resident) tie-breaker (abre num novo separador)OECD
- [2]26 U.S.C. § 7701(b), definition of resident alien and the substantial presence test (abre num novo separador)Office of the Law Revision Counsel
- [3]Substantial Presence Test (abre num novo separador)IRS
- [4]Finance Act 2013, Schedule 45, the statutory residence test (abre num novo separador)legislation.gov.uk
- [5]Income Tax Act, section 250(1), person deemed resident (sojourning 183 days or more) (abre num novo separador)Justice Laws Website, Canada
- [6]NY Tax Law § 605 (resident definition) (abre num novo separador)NY Senate
Acompanhe todas as jurisdições de uma só vez
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